Arachidonic acid is a precursor to what biological molecules?

Arachidonic acid is a crucial fatty acid that serves as a precursor for several important biological molecules involved in various physiological and pathological processes in the body.

Prostaglandins are one of the primary products formed from arachidonic acid via the action of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2). These compounds play a vital role in regulating processes such as inflammation, pain sensation, and the modulation of other physiological functions. Their local effects are significant, as they often act as autacoids, exerting effects close to where they are produced.

In addition to prostaglandins, arachidonic acid can also be metabolized to other molecules, including leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins, each of which plays distinct roles in the body's response to injury and immune function. However, the question specifically pertains to the direct products of arachidonic acid metabolism.

Understanding the role of arachidonic acid in the production of these molecules is essential for comprehending inflammation and various cardiovascular and immune responses, thus emphasizing its importance in maternal-fetal medicine and other medical fields.