Tetralogy of Fallot typically includes which of the following components?

Tetralogy of Fallot is a specific congenital heart defect characterized by a combination of four distinct anatomical abnormalities. The correct components that define this condition include a ventricular septal defect, which is a hole between the two ventricles; pulmonary stenosis, which is a narrowing of the outflow tract from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery; right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), which refers to thickening of the muscular walls of the right ventricle due to increased workload; and an overriding aorta, where the aorta is positioned directly over the ventricular septal defect, straddling both ventricles.

Each of these components contributes to the pathophysiology of Tetralogy of Fallot and helps explain the clinical manifestations associated with the condition, such as cyanosis resulting from reduced blood flow to the lungs or mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Understanding these core components is essential for diagnosis and management of the condition.

The other answer choices incorporate different components that do not align with the classic definition of Tetralogy of Fallot, which is why they are not correct in identifying the hallmark features of this congenital heart defect.