What congenital condition can occur due to exposure to phenytoin in utero?

Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome is a congenital condition specifically associated with in utero exposure to phenytoin, an antiepileptic medication. This syndrome presents with identifiable features including characteristic craniofacial abnormalities, such as distinct facial features, microcephaly, and limb defects. In addition to these physical manifestations, affected infants may also experience developmental delays and cognitive disabilities.

The relationship between phenytoin and fetal development is well-documented, with this specific condition being one of the primary teratogenic effects linked to the drug. Therefore, recognizing Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome as a consequence of phenytoin exposure underscores the importance of careful medication management in pregnant patients with epilepsy. This knowledge is essential for healthcare professionals to mitigate risks and provide appropriate counseling to expectant mothers about the potential impacts of their medications on fetal development.