What is a common complication of Bronchopulmonary Sequestration (BPS)?

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration (BPS) is a congenital lung anomaly where a portion of lung tissue lacks normal connection to the airway and can have its own blood supply. One common complication associated with BPS is ipsilateral pleural effusion, which is fluid accumulation in the pleural space on the same side as the affected lung tissue. This occurrence is thought to be related to inflammation and irritation caused by the abnormal lung tissue, leading to increased pleural fluid production.

The presence of ipsilateral pleural effusion can complicate the clinical management of BPS and may affect respiratory function, as well as contribute to other difficulties in the fetal or neonatal period. It is clinically significant because it can mask or mimic other pathologies, potentially leading to misinterpretation of imaging studies or delays in proper management.

Other potential complications such as right-sided heart failure, systemic hypoxia, and fetal growth restriction are less directly associated with BPS itself. While these conditions may arise as secondary issues if the entity leads to significant respiratory compromise or cardiovascular strain, the direct link and recognition of ipsilateral pleural effusion makes it a more common complication within the context of BPS.