What is the main physiological change associated with preeclampsia?

The main physiological change associated with preeclampsia is the increased production of vasoconstrictors. In preeclampsia, a condition characterized by hypertension and often associated with proteinuria, there is an imbalance in factors that regulate vascular tone. The increase in vasoconstrictors such as endothelin-1 contributes to elevated blood pressure and reduced placental perfusion.

This vasoconstriction is also linked to the endothelium’s reaction to placental factors and results in the systemic and maternal blood vessel changes seen in preeclampsia. The imbalance can be attributed to an insufficient production of vasodilators such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, which normally work to counteract vasoconstriction. Hence, the predominant effect seen in preeclampsia involves increased vasoconstriction leading to hypertension and potential end-organ dysfunction.

Understanding this mechanism is crucial for managing preeclampsia effectively and mitigating the associated risks for both the mother and the fetus.