What is the potential risk associated with a low PAPP-A during FTS?

A low level of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) during first-trimester screening (FTS) is indeed associated with an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). PAPP-A is a placental protein that plays a critical role in fetal growth and development. Low levels of this protein can indicate potential issues with placental function, which may lead to inadequate blood supply and nutrition to the fetus. Consequently, this insufficient placental support can result in growth restriction, which has lasting impacts on the baby's health and development.

Intrauterine growth restriction is characterized by a fetus that is smaller than expected for its gestational age, and it can be linked to various complications such as preterm delivery, as well as increased risks of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Thus, identifying low PAPP-A levels in the first trimester can provide valuable information for monitoring and managing pregnancies at risk for IUGR.

While low PAPP-A may also be associated with an increased risk of other conditions, such as certain chromosomal anomalies or congenital heart defects, the most direct and clinically relevant association is with IUGR, making this the correct answer to the question.