What is the primary artery that supplies blood to the uterine myometrium and endometrium?

The primary artery that supplies blood to the uterine myometrium and endometrium is the uterine artery. This artery is a direct branch of the internal iliac artery and plays a crucial role in providing oxygenated blood to the uterus. The uterine artery enters the uterus at the level of the cervix and travels upward, giving off several branches that supply the vascular needs of both the myometrium, which is the muscular layer of the uterus, and the endometrium, the inner lining that undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle. The uterine artery is essential for normal reproductive function, including menstruation, implantation of a fertilized egg, and supporting pregnancy.

In contrast, the femoral artery primarily supplies blood to the lower limbs and does not play a substantial role in uterine blood supply. Similarly, while the ovarian artery does supply blood to the ovaries, it does not directly supply the uterine tissues. The radial artery is not involved in uterine blood supply at all, as it primarily serves the forearm and hand. Thus, the uterine artery is the key vascular structure responsible for nourishing the uterus.