What is the primary phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant?

The primary phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant is phosphatidylcholine. This lipid plays a crucial role in reducing surface tension in the alveoli, which is essential for maintaining proper lung function and preventing alveolar collapse during exhalation.

Phosphatidylcholine forms a significant part of the alveolar surfactant system, among other lipids and proteins, and is synthesized by type II alveolar cells. Its presence in high concentrations in surfactant makes it a key player in respiratory physiology, particularly in newborns, where adequate surfactant levels are vital to prevent respiratory distress syndrome.

Understanding the importance of phosphatidylcholine helps clarify the biophysical properties of surfactant, essential for discussions surrounding neonatal care, respiratory function, and conditions that may arise from surfactant deficiencies.