What is the primary risk associated with neonatal varicella?

The primary risk associated with neonatal varicella is a high death rate. Neonatal varicella occurs when a mother contracts varicella (chickenpox) during the later stages of pregnancy, particularly in the week before delivery. When the newborn is exposed to the virus at this critical time, they may develop severe complications. These can include widespread vesicular rash, pneumonia, and central nervous system involvement, which significantly increase the risk of mortality in affected infants.

In contrast, while other outcomes such as birth defects, low birth weight, or developmental delays may be associated with maternal infections or other complications, they are not the primary concerns linked to neonatal varicella. The severity of the illness and the associated mortality risk underscore why this option highlights the most critical aspect of neonatal varicella infection. This understanding is crucial for healthcare providers in managing pregnant women with a history of varicella and emphasizes the importance of vaccination and preventive measures.