What potential risk does Atenolol pose to pregnancy?

Atenolol, a beta-blocker commonly used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular issues, poses a significant risk of severe fetal growth restriction during pregnancy. The mechanism behind this involves the drug's ability to cross the placenta, which can affect fetal circulation and growth. Studies have demonstrated that maternal use of atenolol is associated with lower birth weights and can lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Intrauterine growth restriction is a serious condition in which a fetus does not grow to its expected size during pregnancy, potentially leading to various complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and difficulties during delivery. These complications can have lasting effects on the child’s health.

While Atenolol can manage maternal hypertension effectively, its adverse effects on fetal growth warrant careful consideration. Alternative medications may be preferred in certain situations to minimize risks to the developing fetus. This highlights the importance of balancing maternal health needs with fetal safety in prescribing practices during pregnancy.