What results from the inheritance of identical copies of one chromosome from the same parent?

The correct answer is uniparental disomy, which occurs when both copies of a particular chromosome are inherited from one parent instead of one from each parent. This can happen through several mechanisms, such as nondisjunction during meiosis, where chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division, resulting in one gamete receiving both copies of a chromosome. The other gamete would then contribute no copies of that chromosome, leading to a situation where the offspring end up with two copies from one parent and none from the other.

Uniparental disomy can have significant implications for genetic expression and the development of certain disorders, particularly if those genes are subject to imprinting. In cases of imprinting, the expression of genes differs depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father, potentially leading to different phenotypes associated with uniparental disomy.

Trisomy refers to having three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two, which is a distinct genetic condition. Hemizygosity refers to having only one allele of a gene instead of the usual two and is common for genes located on the X chromosome in males, but it is not synonymous with inheriting identical copies of a chromosome from one parent. Polyploidy