Which antibiotic is known to potentiate the effect of magnesium sulfate?

Gentamicin is the antibiotic known to potentiate the effect of magnesium sulfate, particularly in clinical settings involving obstetric emergencies such as severe preeclampsia or eclampsia. Magnesium sulfate primarily serves as a neuromuscular blocker and anticonvulsant, and its effects can be enhanced by gentamicin.

The mechanism behind this potentiation lies in the synergistic effects on neuromuscular transmission. Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can interfere with neuromuscular transmission by inhibiting presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby contributing to the neuromuscular blockade effect produced by magnesium sulfate. This is especially relevant when managing patients who require both magnesium for seizure prevention and gentamicin for treating infections, as careful monitoring becomes essential to avoid excessive muscle weakness.

Understanding this interaction is crucial in maternal-fetal medicine, as it ensures that healthcare providers can effectively manage both the infection and the neurological status of the patient without compromising safety.