Which drug is known for causing bone marrow suppression in HIV treatment?

Zidovudine, also known as AZT, is well-documented for its potential to cause bone marrow suppression. This side effect is particularly significant because it can lead to conditions like anemia and leukopenia due to its impact on hematopoiesis. Zidovudine works as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and is incorporated into the viral genome, but it can also affect the proliferation and function of bone marrow progenitor cells, resulting in decreased production of red blood cells and white blood cells.

This concern over bone marrow suppression is particularly crucial in HIV treatment, as patients may already have compromised immune systems. Regular monitoring of blood counts is often recommended for patients on zidovudine to manage these potential side effects proactively. Other antiretroviral medications have different side effect profiles, and while some may impact blood parameters, they do not carry the same level of risk for bone marrow toxicity as zidovudine.