Which of the following describes the normal blood glucose patterns observed during pregnancy?

The normal blood glucose patterns during pregnancy typically involve a unique physiological adaptation. As the pregnancy progresses, hormonal changes, particularly the effects of human placental lactogen and increased insulin resistance, lead to shifts in glucose metabolism.

Mild fasting hypoglycemia can occur because of increased utilization of glucose by the growing fetus and increased metabolic demands on the mother’s body, particularly in early to mid-pregnancy. As pregnancy advances, especially after meals, there is a tendency for postprandial hyperglycemia. This happens due to the body's response to the increased resistance to insulin, which the placenta produces. Therefore, it is common for pregnant individuals to experience lower fasting glucose levels alongside higher glucose levels after eating.

This unique pattern of mild fasting hypoglycemia coupled with postprandial hyperglycemia represents a normal metabolic adaptation to ensure an adequate supply of glucose to both the mother and the developing fetus. Understanding this pattern is crucial in managing pregnant individuals, especially those at risk for gestational diabetes.