Which of the following is a potential risk associated with maternal susceptibility to Listeria?

Maternal susceptibility to Listeria, a foodborne bacterium, is particularly concerning during pregnancy due to the potential adverse outcomes it can cause. One of the key risks associated with Listeria infection during pregnancy is spontaneous abortion. This occurs because Listeria can cross the placenta and cause infections in the fetus, leading to fetal complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm labor.

The mechanism behind this increased risk lies in the way Listeria evokes an inflammatory response and can lead to placental infection, which is often detrimental to fetal health. Women who are pregnant are more susceptible to Listeria due to changes in their immune system, making it crucial for them to avoid high-risk foods typically associated with Listeria contamination.

The other options do not present a direct relationship with Listeria infection; for instance, increased fetal movement, gestational diabetes, and placenta previa are not typically associated with Listeria susceptibility. Fetal movement may increase or decrease for a variety of reasons unrelated to Listeria, while gestational diabetes and placenta previa are influenced by factors that are distinct from infectious risks. Therefore, understanding the direct impact of Listeria on pregnancy highlights the significant concern for spontaneous abortion in susceptible individuals.